As the addictive properties of the drug became known, governments began to place strict controls on the sale of amphetamines. By the end of the war, many cases of psychosis among service members were reported. Soldiers in Allied, German and Japanese forces took amphetamines in enormous amounts. Pills and food and cigarette rations were handed out to improve endurance, delay sleep, and perhaps increase aggression. The potency of amphetamines became widely appreciated during the Second World War. People quickly discovered that amphetamines increased energy and took away fatigue, hunger and the need for sleep. Many amphetamine preparations were produced, and amphetamine weight loss pills were marketed. Later in the 1930s, amphetamine preparations were also available to treat the sleeping disorder narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity. It was first introduced as an over-the-counter nasal inhaler in the United States as Benzedrine to treat asthma and raise low blood pressure. A team of Japanese and Chinese scientists isolated ephedrine from Ephedra, which was developed for production in the 1920s. The dried stems and leaves of the Ephedra plant can be dried and boiled in water to make tea.Īmphetamine ingredients were first formed into a more complex substance or compound in 1887 in Germany by Romanian chemist Lazăr Edeleanu who named it phenylisopropylamine. Amphetamines are derived from Ephedra, a bush native to central Asia and Mongolia it also grows in the southwestern United States.
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